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Common Warm-Season Vegetables

(Care information at the bottom of page)

 

Beans (Phaseolus vulgaris)
Level of Growing: Beginner

Growing tips:

  • May need a trellis

  • Grows well in a container

Potatoes (Solanum tuberosum)
Level of Growing: Intermediate

Growing tips: 

  • May require hilling multiple times to prevent the greening of tubers

Common issues: Colorado potato beetle, flea beetles, wireworms, leafhoppers

Corn (Zea mays)
Level of Growing: Intermediate

Growing tips:

  • Best started from seeds

  • Wind pollinated; may require hand-pollination

  • Heavy feeder (nitrogen)

Soybeans (Glycine max)
Level of Growing: Intermediate

Growing tips: 

  • Best results when sowed directly

  • Sensitive to overwatering

Cucumber (Cucumis sativus)
Level of Growing: Intermediate

Growing tips:

  • Needs a trellis

  • Needs consistent, even moisture

  • High humidity can impact yield

  • Can be grown in a container

Summer squash (Cucurbita pepo)
Level of Growing: Intermediate

Growing tips: 

  • Squash bugs and squash vine borers can decimate plants

Eggplant (Solanum melongena)
Level of Growing: Intermediate

Growing tips:

  • Very cold sensitive

  • Harvest while fruit has a shine

  • Smaller varieties can perform well in containers

Sweet potato (Ipomoea batatas)
Level of Growing: Intermediate

Growing tips: 

  • Requires a long growing season

  • Needs consistent moisture

  • Planted by slips, not seeds

Melon (Cucumis melo) 
Level of Growing: Expert 

Growing tips: 

  • Need a large amount of space (smaller fruit varieties will require a trellis) 

  • Needs consistent moisture

Common issues: Cucumber beetle, wilt, powdery mildew 

Tomato (Solanum lycopersicum)
Level of Growing: Beginner

Growing tips: 

  • Indeterminate tomatoes produce all season long; determinate tomatoes produce an entire crop at once

  • Tomatoes require vertical support, as the plant has vine-like growth

  • Performs poorly when planted near black walnut trees

  • Can be grown in a container

Okra (Abelmoschus esculentus) 
Level of Growing: Beginner

Growing tips: 

  • Cold sensitive; only plant outdoors once soil temperatures reach 60oF 

  • Harvest pods when 3" long 

Watermelon (Citrullus lanatus)
Level of Growing: Intermediate

Growing tips: 

  • Needs a lot of space

  • Fruit has a less chance of rotting if the area is mulched

  • Intolerant of wet soils

Peanuts (Arachis hypogaea) 
Level of Growing: Expert 

Growing tips: 

  • Long growing season

  • Conducting a soil test can help determine if you have adequate calcium 

  • Curing time is needed after harvesting

Common issues: Calcium deficiency

Winter squash (Cucurbita spp.)
Level of Growing: Intermediate

Growing tips: 

  • Includes pumpkins and decorative gourds

  • Needs a lot of space

  • Some varieties may appreciate trellising

Pepper (Capsicum annuum) 
Level of Growing: Beginner

Growing tips: 

  • Loves the summer heat, but can have issues with pollination when temperatures reach above 90oF

  • Can perform well in containers

    

 

 

Quick Care Facts:

  • Warm-season vegetables typically perform best when nightly lows are above 50-60oF and daytime highs reach around 80-90oF

  • All of these crops need full sun for at least 6-8 hours; none will perform well in shade or solely morning sun

  • Most of these crops will not perform well in our native MO clay soils. Most will need a more well-draining, nutrient-rich growing medium

  • These crops can be directly sowed or transplanted in May or started as seeds indoors in late March/April (St. Louis region; zone 7a)

  • Many of these crops (minus potatoes and peanuts) are botanical fruits meaning they form from flowers 

  • Crops with smaller fruit (e.g.: cherry tomatoes and small peppers) often produce more fruit compared to crops with larger fruit (e.g.: slicing tomatoes and bell peppers) as it takes more energy to produce larger fruit

  • Fertilizing:

    • Initially, you may want to fertilize with a balanced fertilizer or one higher in nitrogen to promote foliar growth

    • As crop production begins, start using a fertilizer higher in phosphorus and potassium than nitrogen to promote flower, fruit, and root production

  • Typically squash, cucumbers, and melons (Cucurbits) have separate male & female flowers and may require help in pollination. Female flowers will have a notable ovary (which will look like a mini-version of the fruit) at the base of the flower

 

Level of Growing Definitions: 

  • Beginner 

    • Not much pest pressure 

    • Overall productive and rewarding 

    • Low maintenance 

  • Intermediate 

    • Typically requires extra attention in a couple matters (e.g. watering, fertilizer, etc.) 

    • May have a higher pest pressure 

  • Expert 

    • Typically has a higher pest pressure  

    • Harvesting requires extra attention 

    • Production may not be worth the effort needed to grow in a small scale (home gardening) 

    • May require special attention after harvest for storage