Culture
Best grown in acidic (pH of 4 to 5.2), peaty, organically rich, medium to wet, well-drained soils in full sun to part shade. Shallow, fibrous roots need constant moisture and good drainage. Plants appreciate a good organic mulch. Although blueberries are self-fertile, cross-pollination produces the best fruit crop (larger berries and larger yields). Therefore, it is best to plant more than one variety that will bloom at the same time. In addition, blueberry season can be extended by planting early, mid-season and late varieties which will collectively ripen from early June to the end of the summer (St. Louis area). Best to remove flowers from plants in the year of planting and in the following year so as to prevent fruit set and to encourage new vegetative growth. Prune as needed in late winter beginning in the third year after planting.
Noteworthy Characteristics
Vaccinium is a genus of about 450 species. Some species and hybrids, including blueberries, cranberries and huckleberries are grown primarily for their fruit.
The genus name Vaccinium comes from an ancient Latin name apparently derived from a prehistoric Mediterranean language. Its origin and meaning are generally considered to be lost to time.
‘Sunshine Blue’ is a compact, hybrid blueberry cultivar that typically grows only 3-4’ tall. Dainty, waxy, bell-shaped, white flowers appear in May. Flowers are followed by medium to small, dark blue blueberries that ripen in mid season (June). Ovate, dark green leaves (to 3.5” long) turn attractive shades of red and purple in fall. Reddish stems can be attractive in winter.
Southern highbush blueberry varieties were developed for warm climates such as the South where summers are hot and humid and winters are mild. These varieties require fewer cold days in winter for plants to set fruit.
Problems
No serious insect or disease problems. Birds love the fruit, so plants may need to be covered with netting as the fruit begins to ripen in order to protect the crop. Chlorosis (yellowing of leaves) may occur in high pH soils. Potential but infrequent disease problems include stem blight, root rot, anthracnose, cane cankers, mildew and botrytis. Blueberry maggot and cherry fruit worm may attack the fruit. Mummy berry is a fungal disease that causes the berries to shrivel and drop. Disease problems are sometimes of lesser concern when plants are being primarily grown as ornamentals.
Uses
‘Sunshine Blue’ does not produce a large fruit crop and may be best utilized as an ornamental shrub. It is effective in shrub borders or as part of less formal shrub plantings in areas such as native plant gardens or open woodlands. Particularly effective in conjunction with rhododendrons and azaleas which share similar acidic soil requirements. Also makes an excellent hedge with the added benefits of summer fruit which can be harvested or left for the birds.